1. Uyini umoya? Uyini umoya ojwayelekile?
Impendulo: Umkhathi ozungeze umhlaba, sisetshenziselwa ukuyibiza ngomoya.
Umoya ngaphansi kwengcindezi ebekiwe ye-0.1MPA, izinga lokushisa elingu-20 ° C, kanye nomswakama ohlobene ka-36% umoya ojwayelekile. Umoya ojwayelekile uhlukile emoyeni ojwayelekile wokushisa futhi uqukethe umswakama. Lapho kukhona umphunga wamanzi emoyeni, lapho umphunga wamanzi esehlukaniswe, ivolumu yomoya izoncishiswa.
2. Iyini incazelo yezwe ejwayelekile yomoya?
Impendulo: Ukuchazwa kwesimo esijwayelekile yile: isimo somoya lapho ingcindezi yomoya ingu-0.1MPA kanye nokushisa kungu-15.6 ° C (Incazelo yezindlu ezifuywayo ngu-0 ° C) ibizwa nge-0
Esimweni esijwayelekile, i-air density ingu-1.185kg / m3 (umthamo we-air compressor unxamanzi, owomile, ukuhlunga kanye neminye imishini yokusebenza ngemuva kumakwe ngesilinganiso sokugeleza esimweni esijwayelekile somoya, futhi iyunithi ibhalwe njenge-NM3 / min).
3. Uyini umoya ogcwele kanye nomoya ongabonakali?
Impendulo: Kumazinga okushisa athile kanye nengcindezi, okuqukethwe yi-vapor yamanzi ngomoya onomswakama (okungukuthi, ubuningi bamanzi wamanzi) bunomkhawulo othile; Lapho inani le-vapor lamanzi elisemazingeni okushisa athile lifinyelela kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu, umswakama ngalesi sikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi umoya ogcwele. Umoya omanzi ngaphandle kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-water vapor kubizwa ngokuthi umoya ongafakwanga.
4. Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo umoya ongalawulwa ugcwele umoya? Kuyini "ukugcwala"?
Okwamanje lapho umoya ongabonakali uqala umoya, amaconsi amanzi awuketshezi azodumisa umoya onomswakama, obizwa ngokuthi "ukugcwala". Ukuvuselelwa kuvamile. Isibonelo, umswakama womoya ehlobo uphakeme kakhulu, futhi kulula ukwakha amaconsi amanzi ebusweni bepayipi lamanzi. Ebusika ekuseni, amaconsi amanzi azovela emafasiteleni engilazi abahlali. Lezi umoya onomswakama opholile ngaphansi kwengcindezi engapheli ukufinyelela iphuzu lamazolo. Umphumela wokuvutha ngenxa yokushisa.
5. Kuyini ukucindezela komoya, ingcindezi ngokuphelele nengcindezi yegeji? Yini amayunithi ajwayelekile wengcindezi?
Impendulo: Ingcindezi ebangelwa ungqimba olubanzi kakhulu lomoya ozungeze umhlaba womhlaba emhlabeni womhlaba noma izinto zangaphandle zibizwa ngokuthi "ingcindezi ye-atmoskeric", futhi uphawu ngu-ρb; Ingcindezi esebenza ngqo ngaphezulu kwesitsha noma into ibizwa ngokuthi "ingcindezi ngokuphelele". Inani lokucindezela liqala kusuka ku-vacuum ephelele, futhi uphawu yi-PA; Ingcindezi ekalwa yingcindezi yemigodi yengcindezi, ama-vacuum gauges, amashubhu amise okwenziwe kanye nezinye izinsimbi zibizwa ngokuthi "ingcindezi yegeji", futhi "ingcindezi yegagasi" iqala ekucindezelweni komyeni, futhi uphawu yi-ρG. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwalezi ezintathu
Pa = pb + pg
Ingcindezi ibhekisela emandleni endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi, futhi iyunithi lokucindezela yi-N / Square, elolukiwe njenge-PA, ebizwa ngePascal. I-MPA (MPA) esetshenziswa kakhulu ebunjiniyela
I-1MPA = 10 Amandla wesithupha PA
1 Ingcindezi Ejwayelekile Yomoya = 0.1013MPA
I-1KPA = 1000PA = 0.01KGF / Square
I-1MPA = 10 Amandla wesithupha PA = 10.2KGF / Square
Ohlelweni oludala lwamayunithi, ingcindezi ivame ukuvezwa ku-KGF / CM2 (I-Kilogram Force / Square Centimeter).
6. Kunjani izinga lokushisa? Yini amayunithi wokushisa asetshenziswa kaningi?
A: Izinga lokushisa liyisilinganiso sezibalo sokuhamba okushisayo kwama-molecule ento.
Ukushisa okuphelele: Izinga lokushisa liqala kusuka emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu lapho ama-molecule egesi ayeke ukuhamba, aboniswe njengo-T. Iyunithi yi- "Kelvin" kanye nophawu lweyunithi nguK.
Ukushisa kweCelsius: Izinga lokushisa liqala endaweni yokuncibilika yeqhwa, iyunithi yi- "Celsius", futhi uphawu lweyunithi ℃. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe aseBrithani nasemazweni aseMelika ajwayele ukusebenzisa i- "Fahrenheit lokushisa", futhi uphawu lweyunithi lunguF.
Ubudlelwano bokuguqulwa phakathi kwamayunithi amathathu okushisa akhona
T (k) = t (° C) + 273.16
t (F) = 32 + 1.8T (℃)
7. Uyini umfutho wengxenye ye-vapor yamanzi emgodini onomswakama?
Impendulo: Umoya onomswakama uyingxube ka-vapor wamanzi nomoya owomile. Ngokwevolomu ethile yomoya onomswakama, inani le-vapor lamanzi (ngobuningi) livame kakhulu ukwedlula lokho komoya owomile, kepha kuthatha umqulu ofanayo nomoya owomile. , futhi yiba nokushisa okufanayo. Ingcindezi yomoya omanzi yisamba sezingcindezi eziyingxenye zamagesi akhona (okusho, umoya owomile nomumo wamanzi). Ingcindezi yokuphupha kwamanzi emoyeni onomswakama ibizwa ngokuthi ingcindezi engxenye ye-vapor yamanzi, eboniswe njenge-PSO. Inani layo libonisa inani le-vapor lamanzi emoyeni onomswakama, okuphezulu kokuqukethwe kwamanzi, okuphezulu kwengcindezi yamanzi. Ingcindezi engxenye ye-vapor yamanzi ngomoya ogcwele wabizwa ibizwa ngokuthi ingcindezi ebalulekile ye-vapor yamanzi, ebonisiwe njenge-PAB.
8. Uyini umswakama womoya? Umswakama kangakanani?
Impendulo: Inani elibonakalayo elibonisa ukoma nomswakama womoya libizwa ngokuthi umswakama. Izinkulumo zomswakama ovame ukusetshenziswa yilezi: umswakama ophelele kanye nomswakama ohlobene.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, inqwaba ye-vapor yamanzi etholakala emoyeni onomswakama ngevolumu ye-1 M3 ibizwa ngokuthi "umswakama ngokuphelele" womoya onomswakama, kanye neyunithi yi-G / M3. Umswakama ophelele ukhombisa kuphela ukuthi kungakanani umphunga wamanzi okuqukethwe kuvolumu yeyunithi yomoya onomswakama, kepha akubonisi amandla umoya onomswakama wokuthola umdwebi wamanzi, okungukuthi, izinga lomswakama womoya onomswakama. Umswakama ophelele ubuntu be-vapor yamanzi emoyeni omanzi.
Isilinganiso senani langempela le-vapor lamanzi elisemoyeni onomswakama inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-vapor lamanzi endaweni yokushisa efanayo libizwa ngokuthi "umswakama ohlobene", okuvame ukuvezwa yi-φ. Umswakama ohlobene φ uphakathi kuka-0 no-100%. Inani elincane le-φ, lome umoya kanye namandla anamandla okufakwa kwamanzi; Okukhudlwana inani le-φ, umsoco umoya kanye nobuthakathaka umthamo wokufakwa kwamanzi. Umthamo wokutholwa komswakama womoya onomswakama uhlobene nokushisa kwawo. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka, ingcindezi yokugcwala inyuka ngokufanele. Uma okuqukethwe yi-wampor yamanzi kuhlala kungashintshiwe ngalesi sikhathi, umswakama ohlobene φ owumoya onomswakama uzokwehla, okusho ukuthi, umthamo wokutholwa komswakama wokwanda komoya okunomswakama. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwegumbi le-air compressor, kufanele kubhekwe ukuze kugcinwe umoya omncane, ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa, akukho ukunqwabelana, kanye nokuqongelelwa kwamanzi egumbini lokunciphisa umswakama emoyeni.
9. Kuyini okuqukethwe umswakama? Ungabala kanjani okuqukethwe umswakama?
Impendulo: Ngomoya onomswakama, isisindo se-vapor samanzi esise-1kg somoya owomile sibizwa ngokuthi "okuqukethwe umswakama" komoya onomswakama, ovame ukusetshenziswa. Ukukhombisa ukuthi okuqukethwe komswakama ω kukhombisa ngqo inani le-vapor yamanzi etholakala emoyeni. Uma ingcindezi yezulu ihlala njalo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lihlala lihlala njalo, i-PSO nayo ihlala njalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umswakama ohlobene uyakhuphuka, okuqukethwe umswakama kukhuphuka, futhi amandla okufakwa umswakama ayancipha.
10. Kuni ubukhulu bomphunga wamanzi ngomoya ogcwele kuncike kukho?
Impendulo: Okuqukethwe yi-Water Vapor (Amanzi we-Vapor density) emoyeni kukhawulelwe. Ngobubanzi bengcindezi ye-aerodynamic (2MPA), kungabhekwa ukuthi ubuningi bamanzi wamanzi ngomoya ogcwele kuncike emazingeni okushisa futhi angenakwenza lutho ngengcindezi yomoya. Ukushisa okuphezulu, kukhulisa ubukhulu bamanzi agcwele amanzi. Isibonelo, ku-40 ° C, 1 I-Cubic Meter of Air ine-vaperated vapor yamanzi egcwele ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi ingcindezi yayo ingu-0.1MPA noma i-1.0MPA.
11. Uyini umoya onomswakama?
Impendulo: Umoya oqukethe inani elithile le-vapor lamanzi libizwa ngokuthi umoya onomswakama, nomoya ngaphandle komoya wamanzi ubizwa ngokuthi umoya owomile. Umoya osizungezile umoya omanzi. Endaweni ephakeme, ukwakheka nokwakheka komoya owomile uzinzile ngokuyisisekelo, futhi akunakubaluleka okukhethekile ekusebenzeni okushisayo komoya wonke onomswakama. Yize okuqukethwe kwamanzi emoyeni komoya onomswakama akukukhulu, ushintsho lokuqukethwe lunethonya elikhulu ezicini zomzimba zomoya onomswakama. Inani lamanzi omphunga amanzi linquma izinga lokoma nomswakama womoya. Into esebenzayo ye-compressor yomoya umoya omanzi.
12. Kuyini ukushisa?
Impendulo: Ukushisa kuyindlela yamandla. Amayunithi asetshenziswa kaningi
Ngokusho kwemithetho ye-thermodynamics, ukushisa kungadluliselwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kusuka ekushiseni okuphezulu kokushisa okuphansi kokushisa okuphansi nge-convection, ukuhunyushwa, imisebe namanye amafomu. Uma kungekho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwangaphandle, ukushisa akusoze kwabuyiselwa emuva.
13. Kuyini ukushisa okunengqondo? Kuyini ukushisa kwe-latent?
Impendulo: Kusezinhlelweni zokushisa noma ukupholisa, ukushisa kumunca noma kukhishwe yinto lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka noma liwela ngaphandle kokushintsha isimo salo sokuqala. Kungenza abantu babe nezinguquko ezisobala ezibandayo nokushisa, ezivame ukukalwa nge-thermometer. Isibonelo, ukushisa okudonswe ngokuphakamisa amanzi kusuka ku-20 ° C kuya ku-80 ° C kubizwa ngokuthi ukushisa okunengqondo.
Lapho into imunca noma ikhipha ukushisa, isimo sayo sesigaba sishintsha (njengegesi iba uketshezi ...), kepha izinga lokushisa alishintshi. Lokhu kudonswa noma okukhishwe ukushisa kubizwa ngokuthi ukushisa kwa-latent. Ukushisa kwe-latent akunakulinganiswa nge-thermometer, futhi umzimba womuntu awukwazi ukukuzwa, kepha kungabalwa ngokuhlolwa.
Ngemuva kokuthi umoya ogcwele ukhiphe ukushisa, ingxenye yomphunga wamanzi izokwehla kwamanzi, futhi izinga lokushisa komoya ogcwele awalahli ngalesi sikhathi, futhi le ngxenye yokushisa okukhishwe ingukushisa okude.
14. Yisiphi isikhosi somoya somoya?
Impendulo: I-Entholpy yomoya ibhekisela ekushiseni okuphelele okuqukethwe emoyeni, imvamisa kususelwa kubusi beyunithi yomoya owomile. I-Enthalpy imelelwa yi-Symbol Ι.
15. Uyini iphuzu lamazolo? Kuhlobene nani?
Impendulo: I-Dew Point iyindlela yomoya engafakwanga yehlisa izinga lokushisa kwayo ngenkathi igcina ingcindezi engxenyeni yomphunga wamanzi (okungukuthi, ukugcina okuqukethwe okuphelele kwamanzi) ukuze ifinyelele ku-saturant. Lapho amazinga okushisa ehla ekhoneni lamazolo, amaconsi amanzi ahlanganisiwe azotholwa emoyeni onomswakama. Iphoyinti lezomoya elinomswakama alihlobene nokushisa kuphela, kepha lihlobene nenani lomswakama emoyeni onomswakama. Iphoyinti lamazolo liphezulu ngokuqukethwe kwamanzi okuphezulu, futhi iphuzu lamazolo liphansi ngokuqukethwe kwamanzi okuphansi. Ekushiseni komoya okunomswakama okuthile, okuphezulu kwamazinga okushisa ama-dew point, kukhudlwana ingcindezi eyingxenye yokutholwa kwamanzi emoyeni, futhi kukhulu kakhulu okuqukethwe kwamanzi emgodini onomswakama. Ukushisa kwe-Dew Point kusetshenziswa okubalulekile ku-compressor Engineering. Isibonelo, lapho izinga lokushisa le-Outlet of Air Comprescer liphansi kakhulu, ingxube ye-Oyili-i-Oyili izokhula ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi emgqonyeni kawoyela, ozokwenza uwoyela wokuthambisa uwona amanzi futhi athinte umphumela wokuthambisa. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa le-Outlet loMocepressor lomoya kumele lenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi aliphansi kuphansi kokushisa kwamaphoyinti amazolo ngaphansi kwengcindezi ehambisanayo.
Isikhathi Seposi: Jul-17-2023
