16. Iyini iphuzu lokucindezela?
Impendulo: Ngemva kokuba umoya omanzi ucindezelwe, ubuningi bomhwamuko wamanzi buyanda futhi izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka. Lapho umoya ocindezelwe upholile, umswakama uzokwanda. Lapho izinga lokushisa liqhubeka nokwehla liye ku-100% umswakama ohlobene, amaconsi amanzi azophuma emoyeni ocindezelwe. Izinga lokushisa ngalesi sikhathi “liyiphuzu lokucindezela” lomoya ocindezelwe.
17. Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwephuzu lokucindezela kanye nephuzu lokucindezela elivamile?
Impendulo: Ubudlelwano obuhambisanayo phakathi kwephuzu lokucindezela kanye nephuzu lokucindezela elivamile buhlobene nesilinganiso sokucindezela. Ngaphansi kwephuzu lokucindezela elifanayo, lapho isilinganiso sokucindezela sikhulu, kulapho iphuzu lokucindezela elivamile elihambisanayo liphansi khona. Isibonelo: lapho iphuzu lokudonsa lokucindezela komoya okucindezelwe okungu-0.7MPa lingu-2°C, lilingana no--23°C ekucindezelweni okujwayelekile. Lapho ingcindezi ikhuphuka iye ku-1.0MPa, kanti iphuzu lokucindezela elifanayo lingu-2°C, iphuzu lokudonsa elivamile elihambisanayo lehla liye ku--28°C.
18. Yiliphi ithuluzi elisetshenziswa ukukala iphuzu lamazolo lomoya ocindezelwe?
Impendulo: Nakuba iyunithi yephuzu lokucindezela i-Celsius (°C), incazelo yalo okuqukethwe kwamanzi emoyeni ocindezelwe. Ngakho-ke, ukulinganisa iphuzu lokudonsa empeleni kulinganisa okuqukethwe komswakama emoyeni. Kunezindlela eziningi zokulinganisa iphuzu lokudonsa lomoya ocindezelwe, njenge-"mirror dew point instrument" ene-nitrogen, i-ether, njll. njengomthombo obandayo, i-"electrolytic hygrometer" ene-phosphorus pentoxide, i-lithium chloride, njll. njenge-electrolyte, njll. Njengamanje, amamitha akhethekile ephuzu lokudonsa asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ukukala iphuzu lokudonsa lomoya ocindezelwe, njengemitha yephuzu lokudonsa laseBrithani i-SHAW, engafinyelela ku--80°C.
19. Yini okufanele inakwe lapho kulinganiswa iphuzu lamazolo lomoya ocindezelwe ngemitha yamazolo?
Impendulo: Sebenzisa imitha yephuzu lamazolo ukukala iphuzu lamazolo lomoya, ikakhulukazi lapho okuqukethwe kwamanzi komoya olinganisiwe kuphansi kakhulu, umsebenzi kumele uqaphele kakhulu futhi ube nesineke. Imishini yokuqoqa igesi kanye namapayipi okuxhuma kumele kube okomile (okungenani komile kunegesi okufanele ilinganiswe), ukuxhumeka kwephayiphi kufanele kuvalwe ngokuphelele, izinga lokugeleza kwegesi kufanele likhethwe ngokwemigomo, futhi kudingeka isikhathi eside esanele sokwelashwa. Uma uqaphele, kuzoba namaphutha amakhulu. Umkhuba ubonisile ukuthi lapho "i-moisture analyzer" esebenzisa i-phosphorus pentoxide njenge-electrolyte isetshenziswa ukukala iphuzu lamazolo lomoya ocindezelwe ophathwe yi-cold dryer, iphutha liba likhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa ye-electrolysis yesibili ekhiqizwa umoya ocindezelwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, okwenza ukufundwa kube phezulu kunalokho okuyikho ngempela. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwethuluzi akufanele lusetshenziswe lapho kulinganiswa iphuzu lamazolo lomoya ocindezelwe ophathwe yi-freezer.
20. Iphuzu lokucindezela lomoya ocindezelwe kufanele lilinganiswe kuphi emshinini wokomisa?
Impendulo: Sebenzisa imitha yephuzu lamazolo ukukala iphuzu lamazolo lokucindezela lomoya ocindezelwe. Iphuzu lokuhlola kufanele lifakwe epayipini lokukhipha umoya wokomisa, futhi igesi yesampula akufanele ibe namaconsi amanzi acwebezelayo. Kukhona amaphutha ezindaweni zamazolo ezilinganiswa kwezinye izindawo zokuhlola.
21. Ingabe izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka lingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sephuzu lokucindezela?
Impendulo: Emshinini wokomisa obandayo, ukufundwa kwezinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka (umfutho wokuhwamuka) akunakusetshenziswa ukufaka esikhundleni sephuzu lokucindezela lomoya ocindezelwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kumshini wokuhwamuka onendawo yokushintshana kokushisa elinganiselwe, kunomehluko wokushisa ongencane phakathi komoya ocindezelwe kanye nokushisa kokuhwamuka kwesiqandisi ngesikhathi senqubo yokushintshana kokushisa (ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-4 ~ 6°C); izinga lokushisa lapho umoya ocindezelwe ungapholiswa khona lihlala liphakeme kunelefriji. Izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka liphezulu. Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa "kwesihlukanisi samanzi negesi" phakathi komshini wokuhwamuka kanye nomshini wokuphola wangaphambi kwesikhathi akukwazi ukuba yi-100%. Kuyohlala kukhona ingxenye yamaconsi amanzi amancane angapheli azongena kumshini wokuphola wangaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuhamba komoya futhi "ahwamuke okwesibili" lapho. Ancishiswa abe umhwamuko wamanzi, okwandisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi komoya ocindezelwe futhi kuphakamise iphuzu lamazolo. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu, izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka kwesiqandisi elilinganisiwe lihlala liphansi kunephuzu langempela lamazolo lomoya ocindezelwe.
22. Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho indlela yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa ingasetshenziswa khona esikhundleni se-pressure dew point?
Impendulo: Izinyathelo zokuthatha amasampula ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokulinganisa iphuzu lamazolo omfutho womoya ngemitha yamazolo e-SHAW ezindaweni zezimboni zinzima kakhulu, futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ivame ukuthintwa yizimo zokuhlola ezingaphelele. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni lapho izidingo zingaqinile khona, i-thermometer ivame ukusetshenziswa ukulinganisa iphuzu lamazolo omfutho womoya ocindezelwe.
Isisekelo semfundiso yokulinganisa iphuzu lokucindezela lomoya ocindezelwe nge-thermometer yile: uma umoya ocindezelwe ongena ku-precooler nge-gas-water separator ngemva kokuphoqeleka ukuba uphole yi-evaporator, amanzi acindezelwe athwalwa kuwo ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele ku-gas-water separator, khona-ke ngalesi sikhathi izinga lokushisa lomoya ocindezelwe elilinganisiwe liyiphuzu lawo lokucindezela. Nakuba empeleni ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa kwe-gas-water separator kungeke kufinyelele ku-100%, kodwa ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi amanzi acindezelwe e-pre-cooler kanye ne-evaporator akhishwe kahle, amanzi acindezelwe angena ku-gas-water separator futhi adinga ukususwa yi-gas-water separator kuphela aqukethe ingxenye encane kakhulu yevolumu iyonke ye-condensate. Ngakho-ke, iphutha ekulinganiseni iphuzu lokucindezela le-pressure dew ngale ndlela alilikhulu kakhulu.
Uma usebenzisa le ndlela ukukala iphuzu lokucindezela lomoya ocindezelwe, iphuzu lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kufanele likhethwe ekugcineni kwe-evaporator ye-cold dryer noma ku-gas-water separator, ngoba izinga lokushisa lomoya ocindezelwe liphansi kakhulu kuleli phuzu.
23. Yiziphi izindlela zokomisa umoya ocindezelwe?
Impendulo: Umoya ocindezelwe ungasusa umhwamuko wamanzi kuwo ngokucindezela, ukupholisa, ukumuncwa kanye nezinye izindlela, kanti amanzi acwebezelayo angasuswa ngokushisa, ukuhlunga, ukuhlukaniswa ngomshini kanye nezinye izindlela.
I-dryer efrijiwe iyithuluzi elipholisa umoya ocindezelwe ukuze kususwe umhwamuko wamanzi okuyo futhi kutholakale umoya ocindezelwe owomile. I-cooler yangemuva ye-air compressor isebenzisa futhi ukupholisa ukuze kususwe umhwamuko wamanzi okuyo. I-dryer ye-adsorption isebenzisa isimiso se-adsorption ukuze kususwe umhwamuko wamanzi okuyo emoyeni ocindezelwe.
24. Uyini umoya ocindezelwe? Yiziphi izici zawo?
Impendulo: Umoya ungacindezelwa. Umoya ngemva kwe-compressor yomoya wenza umsebenzi womshini ukuze wehlise ivolumu yawo futhi wandise ingcindezi yawo ubizwa ngokuthi umoya ocindezelwe.
Umoya ocindezelwe uwumthombo obalulekile wamandla. Uma uqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamandla, unezici ezilandelayo ezisobala: ucacile futhi ucacile, kulula ukuwuthutha, awunazo izakhiwo eziyingozi ezikhethekile, futhi awunakungcoliswa noma ukungcola okuphansi, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, awunangozi yomlilo, awunakwesaba ukulayisha ngokweqile, uyakwazi ukusebenza ezindaweni eziningi ezimbi, kulula ukuwuthola, awunakuphela.
25. Yikuphi ukungcola okuqukethwe emoyeni ocindezelwe?
Impendulo: Umoya ocindezelwe okhishwa ku-compressor yomoya uqukethe ukungcola okuningi: ①Amanzi, okuhlanganisa inkungu yamanzi, umhwamuko wamanzi, amanzi ahlanganisiwe; ②Amafutha, okuhlanganisa amabala kawoyela, umhwamuko wamafutha; ③Izinto eziqinile ezahlukahlukene, njengodaka olugqwalile, impuphu yensimbi, irabha Amafine, izinhlayiya zetiyela, izinto zokuhlunga, amafine ezinto zokuvala, njll., ngaphezu kwezinto ezihlukahlukene eziyingozi ezinuka amakhemikhali.
26. Luyini uhlelo lomthombo womoya? Luqukethe ziphi izingxenye?
Impendulo: Uhlelo olwakhiwe ngemishini ekhiqiza, icubungule futhi igcine umoya ocindezelwe lubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lomthombo womoya. Uhlelo lomthombo womoya olujwayelekile luvame ukuba nezingxenye ezilandelayo: i-air compressor, i-rear cooler, Izihlungi (kufaka phakathi izihlungi zangaphambi kwesikhathi, izihlukanisi zamanzi kawoyela, izihlungi zamapayipi, izihlungi zokususa uwoyela, izihlungi zokususa iphunga, izihlungi zokubulala amagciwane, njll.), amathangi okugcina igesi aqiniswe umfutho, imishini yokomisa (efrijini noma efakwe emanzini), i-Automatic drainage kanye ne-sewage discharger, ipayipi legesi, izingxenye zamavalvu epayipi, amathuluzi, njll. Imishini engenhla ihlanganiswe ibe uhlelo lomthombo wegesi oluphelele ngokwezidingo ezahlukene zenqubo.
27. Yiziphi izingozi zokungcola emoyeni ocindezelwe?
Impendulo: Umoya ocindezelwe ovela ku-air compressor uqukethe ukungcola okuningi okuyingozi, ukungcola okuyinhloko yizinhlayiya eziqinile, umswakama kanye namafutha emoyeni.
Uwoyela wokugcoba ofakwe umswakama uzokwakha i-organic acid ukuze ugqwale imishini, wonakalise irabha, ipulasitiki, nezinto zokuvala, uvale imigodi emincane, ubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-valve, futhi ungcolise imikhiqizo.
Umswakama ogcwele emoyeni ocindezelwe uzohlangana ube ngamanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile futhi uqoqeke kwezinye izingxenye zesistimu. Lomswakama unomthelela wokugqwala ezingxenyeni nasemapayipini, okwenza izingxenye ezihambayo zibambeke noma ziguge, okubangela ukuthi izingxenye zomoya zingasebenzi kahle futhi zivuza umoya; ezindaweni ezibandayo, ukuqandisa umswakama kuzobangela ukuthi amapayipi aqande noma aqhekeke.
Ukungcola okufana nothuli emoyeni ocindezelwe kuzoguga izindawo ezihambayo zesilinda, injini yomoya kanye nevalvu yokubuyisela umoya emuva, okunciphisa impilo yesistimu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-17-2023
